Steel frame house construction



Aug. 11, 1931.

E, H. MILLARD STEEL FRAME HOUSE CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 4, 1928 3Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Aug, 11, 1931. E. H. MILLARD STEEL FRAME HOUSECONSTRUCTION Fil ed Feb. f1, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 v4 a a f...

Aug. 11, 1931. E. H. MILLARD I STEEL FRAME HOUSE CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb.4, 1928' 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 11, 1931 UNITED. STATESA OFFI'CEI- EM MOR H. MILLABD, OF EDGEWORTH, PENNSYLVANlIA, ASSIGNOR, BYMESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, TO McCLINTIC-MARSHALL CORPORATION, OF BETHLEHEM,PENNSYLV'ANIA,

A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA STEEL FRAME HOUSE oons'r'aucrronApplication filed February 4, 1928. Serial No. 251,852.

My invention relates to the construction of metal framework forbuildings, and more particularly to a structural steel framework to beutilized in the construction of buildings of various architectural desis, forms, and dimensions, and more especlally to a steel framing fordwellings and the likewith its load bearing value determined and inwhich the prime objects are flexibility of assembly, rigidity and easeof jointing,and in which the framing lends itself to a ready applicationof various buildingunits thereto to form a complete dwelling or thelike.

It is well known that it is very desirable 7 ing said elements.

More specifically, an important aim is to provide a novel form of silland uprights or studs, each made up of a plurality of standardstructural formsor members secured together in the shop or factory inspaced relation, with certain elements of the spacing means serving asmutual securing'means and co-acting toward the positioning of otherelements or units and the rapid erection of a building.

Additional objects and advantages will become apparent from aconsideration of the following description taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings illustrat-v ing operative embodiments.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentaryperspective view illustrating one form of theinvention, i. e. balloon type'construction;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating a slightlymodified form, known as the girt type construction;

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1;

receive anchor members,

.may constitute a means Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view taken on theline 4-4 of Figure 1; r

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on the line 55 of Figure 1; Fig. 6is across sectional view taken on the line 66 of Figure 2, and

F i 7 is a cross sectional view taken on the line -7 of Figure 2. I

Referring specifically to the drawings, and first to the formof Fig. 1,sills are providedat A adapted to be mounted in any suitable manner, ason a foundation F. Each sill consists of two steel channel members 10 ofstandard design, size and construction, that is, light weight, standardrolled steel sections, such as bar mill sizes, arran' ed in slightlyspaced relation, and, at the actory or shop, secured together'in thatrelation in order to be capable of shipment as a unit to the site wherethe building is to be erected.

- Eachof the flanges 11 of such beams or channel members 10 is providedwith a multiplic- I ity. of holes 12, preferably arranged relativelyclose together, as shown.

It will be seen that by arranging the said members as shown anddescribed, I provide a space between the said members adapted toelectric wiring and/or other connections.

Angle plates or clips 13, as illustrated, have bolts 14 passed throughopenings therein and selectedopenings 12. As a result, the clips 13 forsecuringsaid channelmembers together to form the unitary sill orstructural element aforesaid. It

is, of course, evident that these parts may be united by riveting orotherwise. 'At the corners, the sills A may reston a plate 15 and besecured together by bolts 16 passing through openings in said plate 15and selected openings of the'serie s of openings 12.

(lo-acting with the sills Ato form the main structural elements or unitsfor use in the erection ofthe building, are uprights or studs B. Each ofthe uprights or studs B consists of two steel angle members 17 whichmabe of any length desired, according to the helght of the building,and, for instance, extend from thesill A to the roof plate 0, as shownin Fig. 1. At the factory-or shop, said angle 7 or plates 18 having aplurality of holes therethrough accommodating bolts 19. Each of theangles or flanges of the members 17 has a plurality of bolt holes oropenings 20 therethrough, preferably corresponding in arrangement andspacing to openings 12,'and the bolts 19 may be passed through certainselected holes 20.

From the foregoing construction it will be noted that the angles areassembled in the form of a channel structure, this arrangement of anglesprovides a space or sl'ot which is utilized for the installation of windbrac-' ing, electric cables and other connections.

The corner posts for the building are usually sturdier or stronger thanthe intermediate studs or uprights. One of the corner posts'is shown atD, and may utilize an upright B and, in addition, employ an angle member21 having a multiplicity of openings or bolt holes 22 through both legs,spaced similarly to those at 12 and 20. The member 21 is spacedrelatively to the members 17 of the adjacent stud B, but is rigidlysecured thereto as by means of a suitable number of plates 23 havingbolt holes or openings therethrough, corresponding in spacing to thoseat 22, and occupied by bolts 24 which pass through selected openings 22and selected openings 20 of the adjacent angle member 17. This cornerpost D with its component upright or stud B and attached angle member 21is assembled, in the manner described, in the shop, and in thatcondition shipped to the site where it is to be erected into a building.It is to be noted that an angle plate or clip 13 is arranged at the baseof the corner post D at a right angle to the position of the other clips13, being secured to one of the channels by bolts passing throughadjacent holes 12 in a. manner similar to that shown at 14.

The upright flange or wall 25 of the clips 13 serve as means forpositioning the uprights B, since they are received in the channels ofsuch uprights, and they also serve as securing means for such uprights,since bolts 26 maybe passed through holes in the walls 25 and adjacentholes or bolt openings 20.

The over-all width of the sills A and studs B is preferably the same andin conformity with this preference, the clips 13 are of a.

length to terminate short of the sides of the sills and be accommodatedwithiii the channels of the uprights or studs B. V

Attention is called to the fact that, in lieu of the bolts as at 14, 19and 24, spot'weldin or other fastening means may be employe Spot weldingor other fastening means-may also be employed in lieu of the bolts at26; also, if desired, at .the site of erection of the building.

If desired, the corner posts D may utilize a fourth angle member, suchas that shown at 27, arranged similarly to the corner angle 17 of thepost D to serve as a guide and at taching means or structure making upthe inner sheathing or wall of the building. Such angle 27 may besecured in place in any desired manner, as by means of short cleats ortie plates 28, which may be arranged at an angle to each other, asshown. Such cleats 28, by means of bolts 29, may be secured to adjacentangle members 17 and 21,and by means of bolts 30 ma be secured to theangles of the member 27. f desired, spot welding or otherfastening-means may be substituted for the bolts 29 and 30. It will berealized that the member 27 and'the tie plates 28 are secured tothe'post at the shop, and form part of the unit thereof.

At the base of the roof, the framework utilizes plates C. The plates Cconsist of angle members in spaced relation and similar to angle members17, however. being designated 31. Such plates, at the shop, areconnected together in unitary relation, for shipment in that conditionto the place of erection of the building, by means of tie plates 32.Clips 32a are bolted as at 33 to the uprights B, occupying adjacent boltholes 20, and they are secured in a similar manner to the angle members31. The openings in angle members 31 are designated 35 and correspond inspacing to the openings at 12, 20 and 22.

At the top of the corner post D, special bracket structures 36 arebolted thereto, as at 37, and as at 38 are bolted to the angle members31. Such brackets in turn support and have rafters 39 suitably bolted orotherwisesecured thereto. The roof of the building is not specificallyshown, since it forms no part of the present invention. However,extensions of the studs or uprights B, adapted to'support the rafters'39, are shown at E and consist of angle members 40 secured together inspaced relation unitarily at the shop by means of angle clips 41 andbolts 42 passing therethrough and through.

' are used to form shelves whlch are adapted to accommodate fasteningand support of a,

floor 50, which would be the first floor of the building shown. Each ofthe flanges of the members 49 is provided with a multiplicity of boltholesor openings, as at 51, and bolts 52 pass through certain of themand adjacent bolt holes in the uprights B and D.

Similarly, angle members 53 are used to form a shelf for the attachmentand support of the second floor, fragmentarily shown at 54. Anglemembers 53 correspond in struc ture to those at 49, and bolts 55 arepassed through selected openings thereof and adjacent bolt holes in theuprights B and D.

Ceiling angle members 56 are provided to accommodate the lathing andplaster for the ceiling ofthe first floor rooms. These members 56 aresimilar in structure to those at '49 and 53, but arranged in reverserelation, and have bolts, as at 57, passed through selected openingsthereof and adjacent openings of the different uprights. I

Supporting beams 58 and 59for the floors 50 and 54, respectively,mayrest on the sills A and angle members 56, respectively, and

be secured thereto by bolts 59a passed therethrough andadjacent openingsin the sills and angle members 56. j As a result of the structuredescribed, it will be seen that the sills A and plates C and the studsor uprights B, and corner posts D, form units made up of standard steelelements, which are "assembled or made into unitary format the shop andin such unitary form shipped to the destination or place of erection ofthe building, Where the same are supplemented by other standard steelforms adapted to be attached thereto, and with them form a fabricated orskeleton framework for the building. 7 V

The girt type structure is shown in Fig. 2,

this construction accomplishes the results and possesses the sameadvantages as the form'of Fig. .1. .In this form, sills G are used,which are identical in construction to those shown at A in thepreceding. figure. Girts H, similar to sills G, are used for the secondfloor line, while plates 1, of similar construction, are used'at thebase of the roof.

- The channel members 60 of the sills G,

girts H and plates I are secured together as units at the shop, as bymeans of tie-plates6l bolted, as at 62, thereto and also by angle clips63 similar to those at 13, except the base flanges may have elongatedslots 64 accommodating the securing bolts 65 which are used to securesuch angle clips to the sill members. I

Uprights or studs J, similar to those at B, are used between the sills Gand girts H, and girts H and plates Land such members and uprights aresecured together by bolts 66 passing through the clips 63 and openingsof the ad acent uprights and by means of angle under clips 67, similarto those at sea, and

secured in place by the aforesaid bolts 65 and bolts 68 which securethem to the angle members of the uprights J. The corner post in thisform of the invention is designated K and utilizes two of the units J.This corner postK, as illustrated, is in two sections, one for eachstory of the-building, and the uprights J forming part thereof aresecured to the adjacent sills, girts-and plates by bolts 69, angle clips70, and bolts 71.

A portion of the roof supporting structure which corresponds identicallywith that used in the form of Fig. 1, shown and designated by thecharacter L.

For the first floor," '3b ar joistsM are emplcyedf and are mounted'onplates which may be secured in'p'lac'eby bolts 76 passing therethroughand selected openings in the sills G. The lower floor supported by suchjoists M is fragmentarily shown at N. Angle members 77 similar to thoseat 49, are provided for the same purpose and are bolted as at 78 to theuprights J. Angle'members 79 and'8O correspond to and are used for thesame purposes as the angle members 56 and 53 respectively of theotherform of the invention and are bolted in place as at 81 and '82.Plates or cleats 83, similar to those at 75, are bolted in-place at 84and may secure the elements of the units H together, in addition tosupporting bar joists O for the second fioor, which is fragmentarilyshown at P.

Likein the other form of the, invention the same is made up of variousunits adapted for complete assembly at the shop and shipment in unitarycondition to the site of erection of the building, and the structureotherwise attains the objects and possesses the advantages of the firstfor'ni. It is preferred to space the openings or bolt holes of thevarious rows of the angle members and flanges throughout the structure'in either form of the invention the same distance apart, so that whenassembled said openings will be equally distant from one another both inhorizontal and vertical planes, and it is to be understood that wherebolts are referred to, spot welding or other securing means may besubstituted.

Various changes may be resorted to, provided they fall within the spiritand scope of the invention.

. I'claim:

1. Ina steel framing primarily for small buildings such as dwellings andthe like idity and ease of jointing are the a'multiplicity of boltholes, an angle clip,

means securing said clip to the channel members and passing throughcertain of said holes, one of the angles of the clip serving 7 toreceive said angle portion, means securing the second unit to said angleportion, said second'unit being of substantially the same width as thefirst unit, and said second unit consisting of angle members securedtogether in spaced relation. o I

3. A steel post comprising a connected pair of divided channel-likeelements each consisting of two perforated spaced apart angle membersarranged relatively close together, and spaced apart cleats disposedwithin said channel-like elements and securing together the anglemembers thereof, one of said framework elements being disposed at anangle to the other element.

4:. A metallic post comprising a connected pair of divided channel-likeelements each .consisting of two perforated spaced apart angle membersarranged relatively close together, and spaced apart cleats disposedwithin said channel-like elements and securing together the anglesthereof, one of said framework elements being disposed at substantiallya right angle to the other element with two of the flanges of oneelement in alignment with a flange of the other element.

5. A metallic framework element consisting of two perforated relativelyrigid angle members of substantially similar cross-sec-' tional size,pne flange of each of said members being in substantially the same planeto form a channel, said fi ang'es being relatively close together,spaced apart cfeats located in the channel securing the channel memberstogether, an angle member secured to one of the first mentioned anglemembers, a fourth angle member, and spaced apart cleats securing thefourth angle member to the third angle member in relatively close spacedapart relation.

6. A metallic post comprising three, perforated, relatively rigid anglemembers, ar-' ranged with their walls embracing three walls of animaginary rectangle, a fourth perforated relatively rigid angle memberreverse to the firstmentioned angle members so that its flanges will bespaced from and parallel to the corresponding flanges of theintermediate angle member of said first mentioned angle members, andsecuring means' attached to the outer faces of the flanges of the fourthangle member and to the inner surfaces of angles of the remainder of thefirst mentioned angle members.

perforated 7. In a metallic framework for buildings,

a metallic sill consisting of laterallyspaced studs of channel form suported on said sur-.

face transversely of the anges consisting of angle members, flat clipsin the channels of the studs securing the angle members together, angleclips at the ends of the studs substantially located in the channelsserving also to secure the perforated angle members together and thesame to the sill, beams supported from said surface, and a supportingmember for interior structure arrange substantially parallel to the sillsecured to perforations of the studs and supported by the beams.

8. In a metallic framework for buildings a metallic sill composed oflaterally spaced structural members, studs composed of laterally spacedperforated angle members supported on said sill, beamssupported at oneend on said sill, and a metallic supporting member substantiallyparallel to the sill secured to the studs at perforations on the innerside thereof andslipported on said beams.

9. In a metallic framework for buildings, a metallic sill composed ofstructural members relatively close together having a vertical spacetherebetween, studs supported on metallic the sill and composed ofmetallic structural v members relatively close together and havingmembers in spaced relation forming a. chan nel, a metallic supportingmember, elements engaging perforations of the an le members to securethe supporting mem r thereto plates in the channels of the studs securedto the aligned flanges thereof and connecting the angle memberstogether, said plates being substantially flat wherebythey avoidinterference with the securing of said supporting member by saidelements in the proper perforations. y 0

' 11. In a metallic framework for buildings, perforated metallic sillscomposed of a p urality of laterally. spaced structural members, saidsills meeting at an angle to each other with an end of one of themabutting a side of the other, a perforated metallic corner postcomprising a plurality of laterally spaced structural members andresting partly on each sill, metallic means engaging perforations of andsecuring the sills and corner post together and the members of thelatter together.

12. In a metallic framework for buildings according to claim 11 whereinchannel shaped metallic studs are spaced from the post and supported onthe sills, said studs consisting of perforated angle members, andmetallic roof supporting structure supported on and fastened to the postand studs.

13. In a. metallic framework for buildings, a a sill of: metal, metallicstuds rising there- 15 from consisting of laterally spaced apart anglemembers having multitudious perforations, structural members parallel tothe sill and in spaced apart relation having multitudinous'perforations, said members being secured to the inner side of the studsand having flanges extending in the samedirection inwardly whereby onemember may coact with the erection of a ceiling and the other with thesupport of a floor.

14. In a metallic framework for buildings,

- a metallic sill consisting of laterally spaced structural membershaving flanges in substantially the same plane forming a substantiallycontinuous. upper surface, metallic studs of channel formsupported onsaid surface transversely of the flanges consisting of angle members,flat clips in the channels of the studs securing the angle memberstogether, angle clipsat the ends of the studs substantially located inthe channels serving also to secure the perforated angle -memberstogether and the same to the sill, and beams supported from saidsurface.

1 In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

4 EMLIOR H. MILLABD.

